richard hakluyt reasons for colonization

That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. Of chief concern would be for ''the enlargement of the gospel of Christ,'' in converting the natives to the Anglican religion. English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View. In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. Besides, the occupation of key ports will enhance commercial activities since England will charge duties and control high-traffic regions. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. Hakluyt living during an interesting period in history called the Age of Exploration or sometimes the Age of Discovery. However, the risk was great for everyone involved and in the case of England, encouragement was needed. Until after the death of his wife in 1597, little is heard of any geographical work, but he then completed the greatly enlarged second edition of the Voyages, which appeared in three volumes between 1598 and 1600. The Hakluyt Society, which publishes scholarly editions of primary records of voyages and travels, was named after him in its 1846 formation. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. When the colony was at last established in 1607, he supplied this benefice with its chaplain, Robert Hunt. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. The process transformed the diets, economies, and cultures of both continents. 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. IV of, It has been claimed that the Hakluyts were given "Eaton Hall" (Yatton?) IvyPanda. Richard Hakluyt presented the work privately to the queen in 1584. gradually changed in the direction of large and widespread colonization. In the licence of Hakluyt's second marriage dated 30 March 1604, he is described as one of the chaplains of the Savoy Hospital; this position was also conferred on him by Cecil. His father died when Richard was five years old, leaving his family to the care of a cousin, another Richard Hakluyt, a lawyer who had many friends among prominent city merchants, geographers, and explorers of the day. in history, and a doctoral degree in interdisciplinary studies with a focus on early modern Scotland. [25] The translation may also have been part of the propaganda encouraging English people to settle in Virginia. Without his urging, the English might have been content to rest in their foggy off-shore island while the Spaniards and Portuguese divided the world between them. This book describes in detail the life and times of Hakluyt, a trained minister who . Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View, Period of the Indians Discovery by Christopher Columbus, Irish in Hakluyt's "Discourse of Western Planting". Have you ever read travel books that made you want to explore a brand new place or even go to another planet? IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. Criminals will be effectively used in farms and industries to offer free labor. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. [9] Hakluyt's father, also named Richard Hakluyt, was a member of the Worshipful Company of Skinners whose members dealt in skins and furs. A man named Walter Hakelut was knighted in the 34th year of Edward I (1305) and later killed at the Battle of Bannockburn, and in 1349 Thomas Hakeluyt was chancellor of the diocese of Hereford. This can be interpreted to mean understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the colonized. Historians generally recognize three motives for European exploration and colonization in the New World: God, gold, and glory. The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The displacement of catholic Spain in the colonial race and substituting it with Protestant England is of critical importance. In a number of popular pamphlets they made the . In support of Walter Raleighs colonizing project in Virginia, he prepared a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. by, Hakluyt's dedication to Sir Francis Walsingham of the work, There does not appear to be any monument to Hakluyt either in, The Galileo Project errs in identifying Hakluyt's first publication as, At Hakluyt's recommendation, the work was translated into English by, According to Jones's introduction to Hakluyt's, David Harris Sacks, "Richard Hakluyt's Navigations in Time: History, Epic, and Empire,", The exact date of the translation is unknown; all that can be said is that it must have been prepared between the publication of Grotius' book in 1609 and Hakluyt's death in 1616: see David Armitage, "Introduction", in. [10] In May 1585 when Hakluyt was in Paris with the English Embassy, the Queen granted to him the next prebendary at Bristol Cathedral that should become vacant,[5][15] to which he was admitted in 1585 or 1586 and held with other preferments till his death. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." pp. Hakluyt's other works synthesized information providing maps and documents that allowed for many others to obtain vital information. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. It was at Hakluyt's suggestion that Robert Parke translated Juan Gonzlez de Mendoza's The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof (15881590),[30] John Pory made his version of Leo Africanus's A Geographical Historie of Africa (1600),[31] and P. Erondelle translated Marc Lescarbot's Nova Francia (1609). Its overriding purpose was to stimulate, guide, and encourage an undertaking of incalculable national import. who was a lawyer and also an advocate of English colonization. Richard Hakluyt was probably born in London, England, in 1553. ), David Armitage (ed.) Hakluyt's Benefits of Colonization. Richard Hakluyt's Reasons for Colonization. As such, his version of colonization simply includes settling on the shores of a selected nation and exploiting any resources required by England. This was presented to Queen Elizabeth I, who rewarded Hakluyt with a prebend (ecclesiastical post) at Bristol Cathedral but took no steps to help Raleigh. Richard Hakluyt was the cousin and ward of another famous Richard Hakluyt, an attorney and early promoter of exploration, a person historians usually describe as "the elder." Mancall refers to him as "the lawyer." With the careful encourage-ment of the lawyer, Mancall's Hakluyt, conventionally known by historians Grotius' arguments supported England's right to trade in the Indies. B. I feel like its a lifeline. With the help of various scholarships, Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, entering in 1570 and taking his M.A. professional specifically for you? Create an account to start this course today. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . It will also propel the opening of new markets. He attempted to convince Elizabeth I, who was the Queen of England at the time, to fund colonizing efforts with a treatise entitled Discourse on Western Planting. His attitude towards the enemies of England clearly brings out pervasive anti-Spanish sentiments that have been embraced by England to formulate national identity and create a transatlantic empire. Hakluyt also saw a future for England in the creation of rich towns, and believed that travel across the ocean would come easily with speedy communication between England and her colonies. [book review]", "History and Objectives of the Hakluyt Society", "Virgin territories [review of Peter C. Mancall's, "America's debt to a forgotten hero: As the 400th anniversary of Jamestown nears, its spiritual father is being unjustly ignored", "Your letters: Hakluyt has not been forgotten", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hakluyt&oldid=1147310286, People educated at Westminster School, London, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Richard Hakluyt," 13 in pt. [24], In 1591, Hakluyt inherited family property upon the death of his elder brother Thomas; a year later, upon the death of his youngest brother Edmund, he inherited additional property which derived from his uncle. (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. English author, editor and translator (15531616), It has been suggested that the Hakluyts were originally, "Richard Hakluyt", 13 in pt. Money needed to come from private investment. In this he also pleaded for the establishment of a lectureship in navigation. "[14] Although this was his only visit to Continental Europe in his life, he was angered to hear the limitations of the English in terms of travel being discussed in Paris.[11]. Kathleen Halecki possesses a B.A. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. Hakluyt was concerned with the activities of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Martin Frobisher, who were both searching for a passage to the East; was consulting Abraham Ortelius, compiler of the worlds first atlas, and Gerardus Mercator, the Flemish mapmaker, on cosmographical problems; and was gaining approval for future overseas exploration from such politically prominent men as Lord Burghley, Sir Francis Walsingham, and Sir Robert Cecil. Hakluyts family was of some social standing in the Welsh Marches and held property at Eaton. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London, Eng. That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. [10] By the time of his death, he had amassed a small fortune out of his various emoluments and preferments, of which the last was the clergy house of Gedney, Lincolnshire, presented to him by his younger brother Oliver in 1612. Richard Hakluyt lived at the time when the first phase of the Age of Discovery, during which mainly Southern Europeans attempted to discover a new route from Europe to Asia, was coming to an end and the era of Northern European exploration began. "[21], Hakluyt prepared an English translation of Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius' Mare Liberum (1609),[22] a treatise that sought to demonstrate that the Dutch had the right to trade freely in the East Indies, contrary to Spanish and Portuguese claims of sovereignty over the seas,[23] in the early 17th century. While in France he was able to expand his knowledge of foreign places which inspired him to write and publish books on the subject to encourage colonization. 10 Richard Hakluyt, ne third voyage . Hakluyt's great collection has been called "the Prose Epic of the modern English nation" by historian James Anthony Froude. Purchas procured some of Hakluyts manuscripts after his death and used them in Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes of 1625. These works were a fertile source of material for William Shakespeare[4] and other authors. [28] Others, consisting chiefly of notes gathered from contemporary authors, are preserved at the University of Oxford. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. What type of commercial aspirations does Hakluyt describe? EN. He made a point of becoming acquainted with the most important sea captains, merchants, and sailors of England. Your privacy is extremely important to us. discussed in biography In Richard Hakluyt a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. Vol. His utilitarian attitude and indifference against the Spanish population clearly depicts the rivalry and points out how England would gain a lot from their defeat. What is the importance of religion in Hakluyts case for colonization? That the passage in this voyage is easy and short, that it cutteth not near the trade of any other mighty Princes, nor near their Countries, that it is to be performed at all tymes of the year, and needeth but one kind of wind, that Ireland being full of good heavens on the south and west sides, is the nearest part of Europe to it, which by this trade shall be in more security, and the sooner drawn to more Civility. He was fascinated by voyages being made to far-off lands. A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. Reality, Team Leader: Exploiting New Opportunities, Studies of History of Indigenous People in Canada, Native American Studies in "We Shall Remain" Series, Native American Population and Federal Policies, Native American's Journal Entries in 1875-1934. [29], Hakluyt is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his writings. Secondly, he was a persistent and able propagator of colonization and, through his numerous works, inspired many early English explorers. Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. He also published numerous geographical works describing North America and early English exploration of the New World. Richard Hakluyt lived during the Age of Exploration when opportunities were opening for European countries to explore unknown lands. In 1584 he wrote the promotional piece known as Discourse of Western Planting to urge a reluctant Queen Elizabeth I to support English colonies and to convince rich businessmen to invest in them. He spoke possibly four languages (including Greek, Latin, French and Italian), and his love of geography, many scholars say, was influenced by a large map he saw as a child. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. This will be made possible because England will easily secure raw materials and control strategic ports. on 19 February 1574, and shortly after taking his Master of Arts (M.A.) His interest in geography and travel had been aroused on a visit to the Middle Temple, one of the four English legal societies, while in his early teens. He dedicated much of his career to convincing his contemporaries about the necessity of England establishing its own colonies. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. How does inter-European rivalry figures into this text? [5] A few copies of this monumental work contain a map of great rarity, the first on the Mercator projection made in England according to the true principles laid down by Edward Wright. Corrections? Besides, he believes that colonization should entail friendship or familiarity. 8". Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . That this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men, and for breeding of many sufficient, and for utterance of the great quantity of the commodities of our Realm. An edition was published by the Hakluyt Society in the 19th century as, Charter of the Virginia Company of London, Vice-Admiral Bethune (Charles Ramsay Drinkwater Bethune), "The Free Sea. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. Hakluyt studied at Christ College at Oxford University on a Queen Scholarship. She taught for history for fifteen years. He died on November 23, 1616. This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). Hakluyt also encouraged the production of geographical and historical writings by others. We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View specifically for you. That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. . That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. The queen granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter in 1584 to begin to colonize, although she did not provide full financial support. Missions became the engine of colonization in North America. . This will ensure the distribution of people, thereby reducing overpopulation and its subsequent effects. In accordance with the instructions of Secretary Francis Walsingham, he occupied himself chiefly in collecting information of the Spanish and French movements, and "making diligent inquirie of such things as might yield any light unto our westerne discoveries in America. The latter will, in turn, reinvigorate industrial growth and the creation of new job opportunities. Between 1598 and 1600 appeared the final, reconstructed and greatly enlarged edition of The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation in three volumes. Reasons for Colonization 1. Gerhard Mercator (1512-1594), a Belgian cartographer (mapmaker), created a more accurate map that was especially useful for ocean navigators. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. Catholicism had always justified Spanish conquest, and colonization always carried religious imperatives. The conception of race depicted by Hakluyt emanates from specific circumstances, including the institution of slavery, among other historical parameters. Hakluyts conception or misconception of indigenous people plays a key role in this text. Hakluyt the Elder was a supporter of English participation in the exploration of America. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. IvyPanda. He presented his Discourse of Western Planting to Queen Elizabeth I in manuscript, but it was not actually printed until almost three hundred years later. The year was 1591 or 1592. According to Hakluyt, colonization will enable England to expand its markets to the New World. But far from it: in 1584 Hakluyt prepared a 'Discourse on Western . In 1589 he published the first edition of his chief work, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, using eyewitness accounts as far as possible. His objective was to recommend the enterprise of establishing English plantations in the unsettled [by Europeans] region of North America, and thus gain the Queen's support for Raleigh's expedition. In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. Learn More. Need a custom Essay sample written from scratch by In the preface to this he announced the intended publication of the first terrestrial globe made in England by Emery Molyneux. to the reliefe of the colonie planted in Virginia, in . These latter writings, together with a few letters, are the only extant material out of which a biography of him can be framed. Works by Hakluyt in addition to those mentioned above included translations of Antonio Galvos Discoveries of the World (1601) and of Hernando de Sotos account of Florida, under the title Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description ofFlorida (1609). Readers loved these accounts, and Hakluyt's work helped to promote interest in England's colonization, or settlement, of North America. They saw colonization primarily as an economic venture that would open up hugely profitable new opportunities for English merchants. An ordained priest, Hakluyt held important positions at Bristol Cathedral and Westminster Abbey and was personal chaplain to Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I. Omissions? His major publication, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589), provides almost everything known about the early English voyages to North America. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. (2021, April 8). 828829. This work was intended to encourage the young colony of Virginia; Scottish historian William Robertson wrote of Hakluyt, "England is more indebted for its American possessions than to any man of that age. This implies that they are used to advance the ideals of the English population. [5] His last publication was a translation of Hernando de Soto's discoveries in Florida, entitled Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description of the Maine Land of Florida, Her Next Neighbour (1609). English colonization and the introduction of new crops took place alongside a wider process now termed the Columbian exchange, the exchange of plants, animals, microbes, and people between Europe and the Americas. 1) Rich soil 2) ease of travel 3)Increase Navel Power (build more ships)-larger ships the better 4)make their Navy so strong [5][8], Richard Hakluyt, the second of four sons, was born in Eyton in Herefordshire in 1553. It has been asserted that the income of the East India Company was increased by 20,000 through a study of Hakluyts Voyages. Hakluyt's first publication[13] was one that he wrote himself, Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America and the Ilands Adjacent unto the Same, Made First of all by our Englishmen and Afterwards by the Frenchmen and Britons (1582). The burial register merely states that Hakluyt was buried "in the Abbey" without giving an exact location, and there is no monument or gravestone: personal e-mail communication on 10 May 2007 with Miss Christine Reynolds, Assistant Keeper of Muniments, Westminster Abbey Library. In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. 4. What type of colonization does Hakluyt imagine occurring? IvyPanda. Cabot voyages at the end of the 15th-century mark, the beginning of the English crown's interest in overseas discoveries. The same year, his edition of Peter Martyr d'Anghiera's De Orbe Nouo Decades Octo saw the light at Paris. for only $11.00 $9.35/page. The inter-European rivalry appears to be the main theme in this literature. Richard Hakluyt was born in 1552 and died in 1616. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Hakluyt was born in a wealthy merchant family, his father was a skin and fur trader in 1552 in London. . That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. Hakluyt's other works during his time in Paris consisted mainly of translations and compilations, with his own dedications and prefaces. At the age of 30, being acquainted with "the chiefest captaines at sea, the greatest merchants, and the best mariners of our nation,"[11] he was selected as chaplain and secretary to accompany Stafford, now English ambassador at the French court, to Paris in 1583. He is known for promoting the English colonization of North America through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (15891600). The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queens Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. [33], A 14-volume critical edition of Hakluyt's Principal Navigations is being prepared by the Hakluyt Edition Project for Oxford University Press under the general editorship of Daniel Carey, National University of Ireland, Galway, and Claire Jowitt, University of East Anglia.[34]. The two would later co-operate to convince the English crown to invest in overseas ventures. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Create your account. Shortly before its completion, he was granted by the queen the next vacant prebend at Westminster so that he might be at hand to advise on colonial affairs. [14] A number of his manuscripts, sufficient to form a fourth volume of his collections of 15981600, fell into the hands of Samuel Purchas, who inserted them in an abridged form in his Pilgrimes (16251626). In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. His will refers to chambers occupied by him there up to the time of his death, and in another official document he is styled Doctor of Divinity (D.D.). Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - Read more about rivers, commodities, vent, sundry, thence and hakluyt.
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